ISOC Q1 Community Forum 2016

https://www.youtube.com/embed/tOy-5lhKVr8

This is Ted Mooney. I'm the senior director for community services here at the Internet Society and I would like to welcome you all this morning. So thank you all very much for joining us this morning. I see that at this point we have over 100 participants, and I'm very gratified by that. At this point what I'd like to do is turn it over to our chief executive officer, Kathy Brown. Hello everyone. Good day to you wherever you're coming from. I am noting in the box that we have over 100 people from almost every continent in the world. I find this day when we get to talk with you one of the most exciting days of at least my year. Thank you for being here. First I want to say Happy New Year. I can't hardly believe it's going be February, I feel like we're still in let's go, let's go mood for the new year. Importantly in the new year we wanted to speak directly with you and hear directly the activities, the concerns, the urgent issues that are happening in your worlds. That'll be the structure of this chat with you.

I'm going to have Sally, since she was so effective last time in making sure you all got to speak, to moderate the conversation with Olaf and Raul and others who are here to join this call. I wanted to just say thank you to you also for the work that our members and chapters and organizations have done over the last year. It was a very impactful year for the Internet Society. We were involved together in what has been in essence to me and involved together in some enormously important governmental struggles and processes. We have been involved together also in many technical conversations in the form of our work out in the regions. And I know that Raul will discuss that as well. And at the IETF we had, the number is 21 ambassadors to the IETF this year, taken from the regions from around the world. As you know from the annual report or the annual message to the community, we have a plan this year that concentrates very specifically on the need to connect the unconnected around the world and to address the trust and security issues. I am firmly of the belief that if we don't tackle these two big issues, the next phase of the Internet will look very different from the principled vision that we have for ensuring that everyone everywhere has access to a trusted Internet.

To a globally connected, open, trusted Internet. If we stay with that mission, all of us together, we know there is work we have to do. There is specific work we have to do around these two issues. So that is our focus here in the staff part of the Internet Society. We know that there are urgent issues for chapters in their regions and in their countries that we would like to hear about as well to support. And we also know that our organizational members have some policy issues that are really on their mind as they seek to remain, frankly, global operators, providers and content providers of the Internet around the world. So today's the day to have that conversation as we start the new year.

I'm delighted that you are all here with us. I want to thank you again for your presence at the WSIS. We had fabulous help from you there. For the policy papers that you all helped to get us ready for last year, I think we put ten out. I believe we have three more now coming and we need your input for those. And for the regional IGFs, without you there wouldn't be. And we see that as a hugely important part of your movement, if you will, to make sure we have involved our grass roots, our bottom-up process in insuring there is a globally connected, open, trusted secure Internet. With that I'm going to turn this over to Sally to give us an overview of where we're going and I look forward to hearing from you.

Hello everybody. As Kathy said my job here is to keep us on time and also to make sure that we get a chance to hear from a you will of you. I see now 140 people on this call from around the world. I just listed or looked at... Togo, Tunisia, Chad, Guatemala, snowy Canada, and the Congo among others. I know Geneva is on and many others. Thank you all for joining. This is tremendous. What we want to do is give you as Kathy said an Overview of where we're going for this year and get your... get the conversation going that we hope will continue throughout the year as we embark on a very ambitious agenda. So my first task is to turn to James Wood, who's going to... our director of communications and he is going to give us the overall direction for the campaigns and the brand and try to get into your minds how all these things tie together. James, over to you. Many thanks Sally and thank you to Kathy as well.

It's nice to see so many of you in cyber space, 140 or so people seems like a very respectable turn out . So just making reference to our focus again, connecting the unconnected and building trust. We really began to do more around these themes in a concerted way earlier on last year and certainly at IGF where a lot of our messaging and activity really came together. I think together these themes reflect our deep-seated belief that the Internet is a fundamental tool for empowerment in the 21st century and that it will be the catalyst for positive change in people's lives through the creation of social and economic opportunity. That opportunity also transposes itself to an opportunity for us. We have an opportunity this year and in subsequent years to forge the Internet's future and, as Kathy has pointed out, to connect billions, or the next billions, to a globally connected, open, trusted Internet. Before I get to the campaigns which Sally has referenced, I did just want to take a few minutes just to talk about some of the core characteristics of our work this year.

We obviously have this opportunity to shape the debate around access and around trust. We're looking to create that impact by collaborating, by coordinating, and cooperating in more efficient way and in a more effective way. What we're doing through our plan, our action plan, and of course the campaigns that amplify our work around the organization is integrating for impact. That means we're taking an integrated approach to our work, where we'll look to intersect our project activity across departments as much as possible and wherever it makes sense to do so, so that we continue to work together to common objectives. So our collective efforts are really going to feed into our strategic objective and everyone in the organization and within the community will really own a piece of this and play a role. So as we align, the community will be involved in a number of levels, we hope to engage you on several things, and really your effect on our work will be to help make us more relevant around the world, define us better, and demonstrate the impact of our work. Secondly, also in reference to Sally's introduction, I did just want to put some of the identity work in context, and to reinforce the crucial role of that in the scope of the plan, our action plan and with our campaigns.

It really is our defining framework for our activity this year. As you know we're focusing on our identity to help us speak with a stronger voice, become more visible, and be better known. We've already come a very long way in one year, one year ago almost to the day, in drawing our organizational DNA to reassert our beliefs about the Internet Society, about our purpose, and about who we are as a community. When now, at this point in the life cycle of our identity work, in the process of applying these beliefs to our work, and we're seeing how key elements of that reenergized or renewed identity which we brought to the surface are helping to steer how we speak, how we act, and how we look.

So identity is really what is binding and connecting our work and is keeping us focused on our mission, and of course that hasn't changed, that is constant, nd as a reminder, it's to promote the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world. In the context of 2016, our identity work is the engine that is powering what we do in those two areas. It's guiding and informing how we go about telling our access and trust story. It's giving us the confidence to act. It's helping us to be recognized as a beacon for progress in those areas, and it's helping us determine the actions that we want to see as well. And at this point I'll give you a real example of what I mean by that. Some of you may have seen it in the flesh, as it were, some of you may have heard about it. But I'd like to just draw your attention to the advertising activity that we undertook around the WSIS+10 review meeting in New York last month, in December.

The catalyst, and engine for that, was our identity work. The result of that activity was that we had I think a very impressive set of digital display and print ads in prominent locations including John F Kennedy airport in New York. We also had some advertising up in Washington Dulles Airport. We had print ads in the Wall Street Journal, in the New York Times, coinciding with the UN General Assembly review meeting. And combined with our media exposure in a number of prominent outlets, Kathy was interviewed live on BloombergTV, we had coverage in Forbes, we had an opinion piece in USA Today, as well as Kathy's physical presence in the UN General Assembly itself, meant that we really, really made an impression.

The identity work that we're driving, is really behind that as the pillar, of representing the pillar of our beliefs. So, as we strengthen our identity further, there is going to be more opportunity to maximize our reach, visibility, and influence in that way, including around access and trust. So that brings me on to the campaigns. And simply speaking, the campaigns are communications campaigns around access and trust, and they are a vehicle. They are merely a way to tell our story. They allow us to keep our focus on these themes and they're made up of all the various pieces that we touch from a communications perspective across the year. So they help to inform and guide our presence at external events for example, across the many speaking engagements we have throughout the year, through our flagship outputs, reports, such as the Global Internet Report, and our whole ecosystem of content production and outputs, including blogs, articles, specially created materials.

It goes to the news that we announce, our media relations work, our social media engagement, and increasingly, as I have mentioned, advertising. So our campaigns are defined by all of those components. We have two campaigns that map to our two themes. The first of these is our Internet Changes Everything campaign, which is designed to promote and increase the availability of affordable, reliable access to an open Internet. And through that campaign we really have the opportunity to show that the availability of infrastructure is not necessarily the only driver for getting people connected. It's what the Internet enables them to do that matters.

We can show the positive impact that the Internet can have on people's lives, and in so doing we can tell a more human story. In short, we can shine a light on the Internet of opportunity. That campaign also has a natural affinity with our continued focus on women in technology, and promoting the voice of women in the future of the Internet.

At a tactical level, we're using as many opportunities as we can to thread our access story across the year through multiple touch points. To give you an idea, they include the Mobile World Congress, a mobile industry exhibition, which iscoming up in February. We will be present there at ministerial level talking about barriers to access, and women in technology. They include ICANN events. The ICANN55 event in Marrakech actually coincides with International Women's Day. So our ISOC@ICANN event will have a women's theme that underpins it, and we'll be doing some activities around that.

It goes to events like RightsCon, where access and human rights converge. Also some regional events, Africa Internet Summit, for example. Of course our second InterCommunity event later this year, and INET conferences as well. So, those are just some of the opportunities where we hope to have an impact and move the thinking on access through our campaigns.. The second of our campaigns is Building Trust in the Internet, designed to encourage actions that build belief and trust in the Internet as a secure platform for open innovation. Our trust-based campaign is there to tackle the issues of the moment. It's focused quite heavily on Internet security as an extension of the collaborative security model in thinking, that Olaf and Sally pioneered successfully last year, and it's really there to tackle issues that fall out of the trust question including cybercrime, privacy, encryption.

So we can really move perceptions on illustrating the problem and mapping out solutions. Again, a number of touch points there... some of them are the same as our access campaign, Mobile World Congress, African Internet Summit... but there are other opportunities too where we can make an impact, including the OECD ministerial meeting later in the year, IGF, and the Global Internet Report that this year will incorporate the strong trust theme. But, of course, there are many more ways to promote our thinking, and to expand on our projects and activities further, and to elaborate on how they are interconnected this year I'm going to turn to Raul to give you a more in-depth look at development. Raul? Thank you very much James. I'm very glad to have the opportunity to speak to all of you.

We have at this moment more than 160 locations connected, probably more participants than that because some places there are more than one people. That is very exciting having the opportunity to be in communication with all of you. As you know the development and connecting the connected is one of the priorities for the Internet Society, has been one of the priorities last year, and continues being one of the prorities for 2016. We have designed a strategy that is based on four pillars that we have already talked about. I will go over very quickly through those pillars as some of the things that we will be doing in 2016. One of the pillars is the availability of infrastructure.

You know that we will continue doing the work that we do usually with the African connection. Supporting, building forums, probably promoting together with other stakeholders the creation of new peering forums in regions where we don't have today, these kinds of activities. We have been very successful in that in 2015, supporting the LAC peering forum, the Caribbean peering forum, and also organizing the African peering forum that this year, the past year, accounted with more than 260 participants, being really an incredible forum for having all the community together, the African operators and the content providers, and big companies from outside of the African region, coming to renegotiate with the, peering with the African operators. We will continue doing that. We will continue promoting IXPs. At this moment we can say that we have been involved with an incredible number of the existing IXPs in different regions, and we are working in Eurasia, central Europe, central Asia, besides the Middle East, beside the world. It's well-known that we have already done work in Latin America and Africa on IXPs.

This is an incredible work because it's not only the opportunity to create new IXPs but also with building partnerships with other stakeholders, global, and regional and local stakeholders that, and with this showing effort, we can really make a difference and introduce changes in the way that the Internet works in different places. One of our other projects for this year is the globalization of our Wireless for Communities program that has been so far focused on Asia. We Have connected a lot of isolated villages in different countries, in Pakistan, India, Nepal by ourselves. And also supporting existing programs by other organizations. We are globalizing this program and we will see efforts, similar efforts in all the regions in 2016. This is a very incredible project because it's fascinating, because it is not only developing infrastructure but also developing the communities, working with the communities on how technology can improve their lives.

So it's going through all the pillars that compose our strategy. The second pillar is the building capacities and developing new leaders. We'll continue with our learning efforts. More focused. Trying to align our learning efforts to our priorities and establishing objectives. And also we will continue with the excellent work that our team has done so far in developing new leaders. With the Next Generation Leader Program that is very popular, but not only with that. In 2015 we had an opportunity to develop with other partners, to work in a youth program on Internet governance that has been very successful. We will continue working on that direction in 2016. The third pillar is building communities. One of the most outstanding projects in this area is Beyond The Net. That is the opportunity not only to empower communities, working with the communities in finding ways to use the technology for fitting their real needs, but also developing projects that can be used as Examples for other communities to show how the technology can change their lives. Beyond The Net is a program that is a, we supported an incredible number of persons in 2015.

We have already committed hundreds of thousands of dollars in the projects that we are supporting. We will continue with these projects which are focused in chapters. So it's important in both aspects because it's a way to reach the communities, to empower the communities, to show how the technology can be used for improving the way that they live, but also to give tools for our chapters for being relevant in their communities. And so it's the chapters act as the component of the Internet Society, that is involved in the real, in the local environments, and so they really know what is important for the local communities. And speaking about chapters, and I will just in between brackets. The chapters are very important for expanding the regional Internet Society work. We are a small organization of less than 100 people, and so the chapters and our members have been important for increasing the impact of the work of the Internet Society. We are working a lot on the...

I think I can say that we have changed in the last couple of years the way that the chapters interact with the rest of the organization. In the last two years we have organized 11 chapter workshops for developing capacities, this experience has been very successful but we're changing that now to a different, different initiatives. We are launching in 2016 an initiative, an e-learning initiative for supporting the chapters, the functioning of the chapters. We will be organizing meetings with the chapters in every region, but at meetings that we call Advocacy Meetings, for discussion of specific topics, for involving the discussion of specific topics that are of importance for the whole Internet Society. We have now the Chapter Advisory Council, the Steering Committee. There is a new vehicle for strengthening the work between the chapters and the other components, the other members, and the staff, and the board of the Internet Society. So I think that the chapters will continue increasing their importance, their relevance, within the Internet Society organization.

And the last pillar is increasing our ability to influence the public policy debate. And for that I think the main initiative, the main is that we will organize some regional conferences, focusing on the debate about the development and policies around development, trying to bring together different agencies and organizations working on the topic, that are currently working in an manner. The other initiative that is the serious study and report that we will be producing in 2016 trying to inform the process of policymaking. I would like to defer to Sally to add some comments. The policy, the public policy perspective. So Sally, please? Thanks Raul and I'll be very quick because I'd love to get to the discussion.

So I hope all of you are thinking of comments or questions that you would like to make as part of the discussion. Of course, the ability to access the Internet, there's a role for public policy and whether one can do that or not. Whether costs of access is affordable or not. So from my perspective one of our objectives in this goal of connecting the next billion, is to ensure that the policy, policies are in place that facilitate access and don't act as barriers to access. So around the world you will have seen in the past, we've done a number of reports related to barriers to connectivity, and we will be continuing that. Particularly this year we're going to focus on small island developing states and see if we can learn lessons between the regions on this particular issue.

In addition, the notion of landlocked countries. What are the specific and different conditions that they face when they are dealing with how to get access and reliant upon their geographic neighbors. There's also of course, there's the supply side, how do we get more infrastructure into countries and how do we do it in a way that is affordable and open and interoperable and all those things that ISOC stands for. In addition we have to look at the demand side.

We're starting to observe in some countries that even when the access is available, there isn't the takeup that we would like to see, snd so we're looking at issues of local content, again affordability, what does the submarine cable market look like in certain places. So all of these policy factors contribute to the overall environment for access to the Internet in countries. And finally, I think many of you would have observed if you were following the World Summit on the Information Society last year, that a lot of the debate remains focused on connectivity and access, that people who aren't enjoying the benefits of the Internet want a voice on how the Internet is governed going forward and how they can participate.

So there is a big aspect of our Internet governance work that is tied to our development agenda in this regard. So we will continue to build on the Sustainable Development Goals that were developed last year and incorporate that into our work on Internet governance at the multilateral level either globally or regionally. So that is a snapshot of the policy and the development work related to access.

I think then I, oh I'm supposed to turn to Olaf very quickly on the technology piece of access and I'd like to open it up for questions and comments? >> Right, Hello, this is Olaf from Amsterdam. And I would almost say sunny and warm Amsterdam. The support that we try to give from a technology perspective is that while building out that access, the core infrastructure relies a lot on local communities, on the community spirit that comes with the Internet. Our work is mainly in supporting the build out of NOGs, the network operator groups, supporting the information that helps technologists to Do Internet connectivity in the right way. We do that through our BCOP program. We do that through our ION program, and our Deploy360 programs. That is one aspect of technology, helping to support the access agenda, community building. I would also put in this our support for building community with respect to the mindset of open standards development where we try to... I would say bring the world to the IETF and bring the IETF to the world.

This year is a landmark in that sense. In my top left hand corner I believe I see Christian O'Flaherty from the LAC region. The IETF will be going to Latin America for the first time. I think that is very important. It's an example of how a local, a local community has developed itself and showed an interest in the IETF whereby the IETF also showed an interest in that local community. I think that's a very important example and one of the things that we're undertaking in the coming year is to see if we can replicate this in other regions, specifically in Africa. So a long-term agenda to get more involvement between those communities. And get... build a local community.

That is sort of where I want to stop talking because I want to provide the opportunity for Q and A. So back to Sally. Thanks Olaf. There are a lot of questions that I'm seeing in the chat and Ted, if there are others that you see that I miss, please, of course, let me know. I apologize in advance if I don't get the names completely correct.

We have a very big and diverse audience here. Arsene offered to give us insight in her, in his experience with the leaders program. Arsene are you willing and able to speak? Yes. Hello. I would like to comment the work ISOC is doing for the NextGen program, there's a lot of Indian people interested in IG that we are supposed to be able to. My experience with the IGF in Brazil as an ISOC Ambassador was very valuable because it help me not only be a part of the discussion but also learn live from experts, all those people who are, who are working in IG matters.

It's always good being, following events remotely, or participating online, but when you are able to go first, I mean to be there live and physically into meetings it helps you get a different sense of what the IGF is, and helping you to get more engaged in the work. So thank you so much to ISOC for the NextGen program. Thank you. Arsene. Thank you so much for that. It's one of our flagship programs, we're immensely proud of it. We hope you can take that good experience and replicate it in your own country. I saw a comment Coppins, from London. Hello. You've had some comments in the chat about your experience in Burundi and deploying broadband and some of the other challenges that you're experiencing.

That might be an interesting food for thought for the rest of the group. Are you able to speak? Okay. Go ahead. Ok. Thanks to World Bank, we have deployed around 1,250km of fiber optic, and now we're on the way to deploying another 4,000. And you understand when you consider the state of Burundi, the density of fiber in Burundi will be very high in Africa. The other thing I was talking about, the challenges and issues for connecting the unconnected areas was about energy and electricity in Africa. Another thing was to deploy enough fiber optic in rural areas. And with that, if you can deploy some more community centers in order to use the Internet in local communities will be very important.

That is my comment. Thank you. And I'm leaving, as my country is in some program and I have to go back home. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Coppens. It's great to hear from you. There was a question and maybe, Raul, this is to you or if Dawit is available. Question on the progress of the access partnership project in Africa as related Let me say something Sally and I will de-refer to our African colleagues. The AXIS Project has been much more than just building IXPs, and we have been providing training, developing capacities in different aspects, so it has been a very comprehensive process.

But, in terms of IXPs in Africa. I understand that there is at the moment around 33 IXPs in the continent and we have been involved with, the Internet Society has been involved with, always in partnership with other organizations, local, regional, and global organizations. We have been involved with 20 of them. So, in the last few years, we have done really a good job in this aspect. And together with other things like the African Peering Forum that I mentioned before, we have contributed to change this situation in the traffic exchange within Africa.

In August last year I heard from our colleagues from the African team of the Internet Society that, at that moment, the traffic that stayed within Africa was about 160 gigabits. We departed from a situation 7 years ago when we started to work on IXPs in the region, a situation where almost zero was the traffic exchange within Africa. So the change has been very huge. But besides that, I was thinking could what does 160 gigabits mean? It's a huge amount, it's no - how to express that in a more tangible way? With the help of our technical colleagues, we realized that if we could show that another way, saying it is almost equivalent to 1 million movies per day.

So, when we say that's the number in that way, it's really huge. It is creating a huge impact in the local communities, in the ability to develop new business in Africa, and also in the prices for access. This is the situation. And the answer to the question is, yes, there are still some countries that don't have IXPs in Africa. We're working with some of them but the achievements so far has been great. I would like to defer to the African colleagues, Dawit, if you are there to add something to that. And I can come back later and answer other questions? Yes, very quickly I would like to add to what Raul said.

We have been in 30 countries around Africa under the AXIS project. That project is almost completed, at least that period where we are involved, but we are going to go to two additional countries this year, the Central African Republic and Guinea Equatoriale, Equatorial Guinea. But, outside AXIS we have too many projects in capacity building. So, we have been to Zimbabwe and we will go to other countries as well. We'll continue to help IXPs that need expertise, and we are also going to continue to give equipment, wherever is needed and make sure they get all the support they need. So, if you are in a country that requires kind of support. just e-mail me, talk to us and we'll try to find some way to help you. Thanks Raul and Dawit. I hope everyone heard there is a lot of progress on the AXIS project. And if you want to know more I know Dawit would be thrilled to answer any further questions. I apologize the chat is going crazy which is wonderful but I'm trying to keep up.

John had a couple questions I think about communication, if we're going to... one line I caught is if we're going to reach the next billion, do they know who the Internet Society is? And do our chapters have the capacity to reach the folks in their communities in terms of communications and outreach? John, I hope I'm not totally mis-paraphrasing your question. Do you want to add anything to what I just said? I guess what I would say is that, I just typed this in, as you know, if we look at the number of current, of ISOC current membership versus number of Internet users globally, that ratio needs to be much higher. If we're going to be able to have the kind of broad-based public outreach that we want to achieve our goals, we have to get people on board who have never participated in something like this. And I know from building chapters in other parts of the world that it's hard, and we don't always have the tools to do that, but it's essential if ISOC is going to be able to achieve its goals. John, I think you're speaking to the converted here.

I couldn't agree with you more. I would say, you know, as of this year I think we have 113 chapters at the end of 2015, which is wonderful, and we've seen several more come online even in the last month. 80,000 members. It's really in all of our hands to make sure that we bring more people into this community that can do what John is talking about. It's a new way of working, a new set of tools, but I think, John, you're absolutely correct.

If I can chime in, we have 80,000 members. I'm not so concern about the chapters. If we have 80,000 members and Facebook has 1.5 regular billion users, that's a problem. Yep, yep. We've go a long way to go. And part of the problem is we've been around longer than Facebook has. We shouldn't be in the position that we're in now. We're playing catch up. James, I wonder if you want to weigh in, do you have comments on this in terms of the campaigns and communication strategy? >> Just briefly, as you pointed out Sally, to John's question, to a certain extent you're preaching to the converted here. I couldn't agree more with you.

I have mentioned in the chat, everything we're doing from a communications perspective is to be more outward looking. We're not going to achieve that broad base or that sense of appealing to a much larger group of people or community, when, more of those billions of Users around the world, if we only talk to ourselves. We need to take our work and amplify it in the right places to attract more people to our cause, to join us in promoting and reflecting our thinking in what they do, and in the conversations they have, so that cumulatively we can continue to have more and more of an impact as we go through every year. Everything we're doing in communications is geared towards that. We're focused on building our relationships with media that will really move the needle for us and make a difference.

We're focused on building our identity as really the springboard that will allow us to do things in a new way, and to get to that point. But, of course, it is a process. It's going to take a little bit of time. But you can rest assured this is absolutely the direction we're heading in and bit by bit I'm sure that we will achieve it Together with the rest of the community? I guess I would add one last thought. And that is, our legitimacy as an organization rests in part on our membership. We can't go to these policy talking shops and venues and point out we have 80,000 global users, we represent the Internet. That is not going to cut it. That will call to the question our legitimacy as an organization. If we're talking about representing the everyday Internet users, that's just not going to work. We have to get our membership numbers up. Thanks.

Thanks John. I think your point is extremely well taken and I think we look forward to talking to you further about how we can all do that together. James has a plan and we're all I think fully committed to that. There was a question in the chat about the wireless for communities program, and Raul maybe you can give us a bit more information about your vision for how to take that global? Yes. Our work on this project has been focused so far only in Asia. We're expanding, we will in 2016 connect at least, we will have one experience in each of the other regions. We're speaking about Latin America, Caribbean, Africa, and probably eastern Europe, central Asia. This is not just connecting the people, it's finding partners for deploying the wireless network in the proper communities, building with ISPs for them to provide Internet services using that infrastructure that we develop at affordable prices, partnering with the local organizations, for working with the communities in training them how to use the Internet for improving their economies and way of life. Doing, starting new businesses, buying or selling things, interacting and using the e-government services.

Promoting their products and their local products, local production. So it's a complex project, it's not only just connecting the communities, it's all the, the whole package we could say, but also learning from those experiences and as I said before, trying to inform the public policy debate. So we are collecting that data from before we start to work with those communities and monitoring how the technology impacts, the program impacts in those communities. Thanks, Raul. We're reaching the end of our discussion on access. There are a number of comments in the chat that we will capture, as Ted promised There are questions about fellowships for the MENA region in particular that I noticed, and how to up level the IXP in Kinshas I think I saw.

There is a lot of great dialogue happening in the chat and we'll be sure to capture that. I wanted to turn quickly to our leaders of the Organizational Members Advisory Council who are on the call. Scott Mansfield, Cheryl Miller, and Christoph Steck. and see if there are comments or questions that you would like to add to this discussion of access and the role of ISOC. >> This is Scott Mansfield, can you hear me on the line? Scott, we can hear you, go ahead. Great. Excellent. I'm on a dodgy hotel network. Always good to check that it's coming through. Thank you Sally very much and I'll have to say that I'm very excited about the opportunities that we have, and we have been given, as the co-chairs of the organizational members and I'm looking forward to this year and helping to advise the ISOC leadership.

I also want to say this has been an extraordinarily enlightening opportunity to hear from the community as well, and the one thing I would like to highlight is I think it is important that we consider that access provides these opportunities, but once we provide the opportunities through these connectivity options, then that is really where a lot of hard work begins, because now we need to have the support, the affordable devices, the accessible technology, the education, in order to actually use this, and create opportunities around the opportunities provided by the network. So that's one of the things I would like to continue to explore. Now, thank you very much, and I will turn it over to Cheryl Miller from Verizon who will provide her comments. Thank you very much. I realy appreciate the opprtunity to participate, and I think that so far everything that ISOC has laid out is quite impressive, and it's very exciting to get started and hit the ground running in 2016. I just wanted to touch on a couple of the broad themes that I heard really quickly, and provide a couple of inputs.

I think the overall theme of access and trust is spot on. We picked up the theme of connecting the next billion at last year's IGF and I'm glad to see that work is continuing. The way that ISOC has sort of structured both the development plan and policy plan under moving the bucket of access forward I think is very good. Within that I think from a business standpoint it is really important, I think the business community will be focusing on education around policies that help to better facilitate investment and also infrastructure. I think another broad theme that will sort of, sort of ties in with this, and it's not exactly related to trust, but I think this year it's going to be important to further build trust in the multistakeholder model and ISOC has always had a key role in this. I think a great example is the role you played as a convener with respect to the WSIS and the IGF, and I think that that separate bucket of trust plays into the work we'll do as a community moving forward.

I really loved hearing the focus on regional IGFs, I think that they can continue to be strengthened. Many of them had provided inputs into the connecting the next billion project that we had at the IGF, which was great to see. Also the youth IGF program was great to be a part of. Verizon was a sponsor and I hope you continue to build that. I think it's going to be crucial because, whether or not we want to admit it or not, the younger generation at least in my case grew up with this technology in a way that not even I did, and so it's going to be really important to continue to have them be a part of the conversation.

And I just note with respect to some of the comments around communication and membership, and how do we improve that and build on that - I do think we need to think creatively. I think it's really every member of ISOC's job to be an embassador, and to kind of spread the word about the good work they're doing. And maybe we can maybe look further to see how we can build out that with respect to perhaps global public schools, colleges, et cetera. Because I think there's a lot of energy there we can tap into and move forward with respect to education and getting the word out.

I'm sorry, I talk too much. I'll stop there. Thanks Cheryl. Christoph, did you want to add anything from an organizational member perspective. We've heard a lot and I think it was really interesting and it's fantastic to be part of that crowd and to see all the ideas flying in on the chat. I just would want to stress maybe two or three issues on the connectivity part and how we can get people to use the Internet. I work for Telofonica, so you might imagine that we're quite involved in that and we are trying to give access, and broaden access, to people in the markets where we operate. And what we experience is that first of all, when we speak about connecting the next billion, we will have to speak about mobile access, and of course we will need parts of networks built by fiber, and there might also be roads of satellite, and other technologies, whatever you have, but it's mainly going to be mobile technology which is going to connect this next billion of people.

And then the second part and that was mentioned already and it's related to the supply and demand side issue you mentioned Sally, as well, is that we believe the demand side actually in a lot of cases is where we have to work more with other stakeholders, with governments, to make people aware that there is actually use of the Internet and they also have the skills to use it. I think that ISOC has published interesting studies., Michael Kende has done that, from Brazil, where you see that actually the connectivity in itself is not the issue. It's rather that people say I have no interest or I don't know how to use the Internet. And I think this is really where hit a wall in getting the Internet road out in the sense that it's used by people. So the first step is connectivity but the second step, of course, is getting people to really use it. I think that is where actually we would want to reach out as ISOC to other partners, and there's many people involved not only governments, other institutions, a lot of companies like mine and others. And I suppose we should try to combine here the efforts to make the Internet available to everyone.

That would be I think a key role for ISOC to play. Thank you. >> Thank you Christof, and thanks to our advisory council leaders. We have a new advisory council this year and we're thrilled it came together. The Chapter Advisory Council. I'm going to turn to Richard Hill and Avri Doria to give us their insights on how Chapter Advisory Council is thinking of these issues and other comments you want to make with regard to the discussions so far. Hi, this is Richard. If Avri's there, I'll defer to Avri. Ok, Avri, over to you. Thanks. Ok, so basically, the chapters advisory is just getting started, and we're finding our footing. We're still in the process of figuring out how we work. But one of the things that I think is very certain, is that we do plan to get the chapters more involved, both in helping to sort of communicate with the broader community of users, but also to bring their input in.

Haven't quite figured out how that happens yet. Haven't quite figured out what the priorities are, and looking in terms of the priorities that ISOC has already set up for this year, and going forward, how we actually blend into that. So, very happy to see many of the initiatives, very happy to see the focus on rights that ISOC has taken and is becoming very much one of the leading voices in that. That is a very good thing to see. And such. So I think we're very supportive. We don't quite know how to be supportive yet. And what we can actually do to affect things. But, you know, we're very excited to be part of all this and to be moving along. I'm going to jump in and say how delighted I am that the Chapter Advisory Council is up and running. I think there's a lot you can do and I hope we have a long and deep dialogue about that. But also the reason I'm jumping in is to publicly again congratulate Avri for her statement at the WSIS. It was quite moving and quite impactful, and just gave me one of those fabulous moments when I know that we do come together as a community to voice where we are in that community in ways that are very impactful. Avri wasn't speaking on behalf of ISOC but you sort of want to claim it.

Thank you. Back to you, Sally. >> I'm going to turn directly to Richard Hill to give his thoughts on the Advisory Council. Yes, actually I was right to defer to Avria because she said what I was going to say much better. But I just wanted to add two points. From, as Avri said we're just getting off the ground, very early days. But from some of the initial feedback that we're getting, that is actually I think one of the reasons why the Advisory Council was created, it echoes what's been said earlier in this meeting.

It would be good to involve the chapters more actively in various activities. For example, when I was listening to the activities on connecting the unconnected maybe it would be possible for ISOC to coordinate with the local chapter leadership when making local visits and doing localinitiatives and so on. I realize that doesn't always work but it's worth trying. And then on the trust area, and by the way I share what most people have said, I think we all agree that the key objectives you have outlined, connecting the unconnected and building trust are exactly the right ones. So I strongly support that. Now I have a personal view on the trust issue, but I think it's shared by a large number of people. We know that we have to kind of have some proportionate activities with respect to surveillance, collecting private data, retaining private data and so on. And I think we're seeing increasing adoption noe, or endorsement of the necessary and proportionate principles, which ISOC itself has also endorsed at a very early stage. And I see that now in the Council of Europe documents and the resolution from the Interparliamentary Union, and so I think maybe it's worth keeping that in mind as we go forward, and really make the point that yes, we do need surveillance obviously, but it has to be under law and with appropriate safeguards and due process.

So thank you, very much. And we are, as Avri said, looking forward to really getting rolling in the advisory group. >> Sally. May I say something quickly? Yes. And then we going to head into the trust agenda. Go ahead, Raul. But just a very quick comment on what Richard said, and I already wrote it in the chat room. We fully agree about the importance and need of involving the chapters more in all of our programs, including the access projects and programs. Just that. Thank you Richard for saying that. We fully agree. Thanks Raul. There are several questions in the chat that we didn't get time to address. But we will try to get to all of them either through the chat or here. But we don't have enough time to get to everybody. So Richard kindly helped us shift the debate or the discussion to the trust aspects of our agenda.

This is a perfect time for me to turn over to Olaf, the Chief Internet Technology Officer to give us an overview of our work this year in insuring and rebuilding trust in the Internet. So Olaf, over to you? Yes. Thank you Sally. I'd like to start with a quote that I, or just point attention to something I just read in the chat. It's a little while back by Syam Madanapalli. I hope I Pronuonce his name right. Syam lives in India, and his taxi account, apparently there is some value in an account that is associated with the taxi, got stolen, and transferred. And looking for readdress, he couldn't find that redress. Syam has been active in the IETF, and still feels that the Internet is not a safe place. And I think that sort of touching upon the core of what the trust agenda is about. What we need is an Internet that we can trust to do our business, to bring us economic opportunities where people feel safe.

And there are multiple aspects to a trust agenda there. There is a trust agenda with respect to how people can find redress. So there is a, you know, how does your loss, and how does your safety or continuity in normal life depends on an environment so to speak. On the other hand, in order to create an environment where those hacks don't really take place, we also need to do technical implementation. So, a trust agenda is a whole broad context going from policy measures all the way down to technical measures. Last year, in 2015 we launched a piece called collaborative security. And collaborative security is a set of values, is a framework to look at cyber security and Internet security, from a perspective whereby policy measures that we take to address the issues that Cyam runs into, so to speak, do not impact the value that the Internet brings. It is also taking into account that security is not one... cannot be achieved in one place by one actor and by one principle or one action. It's intrinsically on the Internet, multilayered, multifaceted, and the responsibility of all. So that is sort of what we try to convey with the collaborative security complex.

Implementing that in a trust agenda, we're sort of looking into a number of things from the Society's perspective. Having trust means you need to have policies for trust. And for us the collaborative security model is one of those building blocks, so to speak, for looking at individual policies and bringing that debate forward. You need to have an understanding of the economics of trust. Trust needs to be interoperable, so to speak, for lack of a better word that pops to mind, with values, with human rights, for instance. So trust of the Internet and human rights go hand in hand. We want to make sure that the technology bits that allow users to trust the Internet are in place.

So now we're sort of going more a little bit more into what is the future technology that can support users in looking at trust. We want to advance those trust technologies. We want to make sure the public core of the Internet can be secured. So then we're talking about things that we try to progress, like routing manifesto. And then, of course, we want to get a feel of how secure is the Internet anyway? How can we measure that? So, there's a bunch of activities that we undertake and from the technology perspective we're really looking at enhancing use trust, advancement of trust technologies such as encryption, such as TLS, that's where, for instance, our Deploy360 program creates a lot of material, and we are looking at online courses to support that.

But we're also doing work in deploying DNSSEC, the MANRS initiative where we try to create a set of operators that subscribe to those values of let's make that Internet interconnection more secure. And then on the higher layers there are a number of policy actions that we try to take, which I alluded to. But Sally I think you can probably talk a little bit more about that. I want to keep this short so we have a little bit more time to get into a conversation. Sally. Thanks, Olaf. One of the things that we observed in the WSIS, there was a debate over language related to security. And a number of governments suggested that, while the technical community could go off and do the technical aspects of security in whatever fashion, multistakeholder or otherwise, that the policy aspects of security really were the domain of governments. And that they should make those policies on their own, and in some sort of multilateral context. And we pushed back on that concept in line with the collaborative security framework that Olaf mentioned, because we really do believe that, that security, to create a secure and trusted Internet environment, these pieces have to work together.

The policies that were created, and we're having a debate in the world around encryption. If there are policies that relate to Encryption that emerge from that, they will affect the technical layers. Aspects with how the technology evolves with respect to privacy, or doesn't, will impact the policy layers, and what governments think they need to do. So we believe really firmly that this, our notion of multistakeholderism really comes to the fore in the discussion around security. Because no one person's going to push a button somewhere and make us all secure online. We know this. We have to do this as a collaborative endeavor. For us on the policy side that notion that governments do security, and technologists do technology, is very pervasive in the government policy discussion, and we as a community really need to push back on that and show our value, that we can bring to the conversation from a technology or industry or end-user point of view. We are looking this year to build out from the collaborative security framework what are the policy building blocks that lead to a trusted Internet environment.

And what are the pieces that need to be in place. We hear this a lot particularly in developing countries. You know I can't do everything all at once but if I can do five things related to security from a policy perspective what would they be? And we would really would love to hear from you, in your vantage point, what you think some of those building blocks would be. And we'll come back to you for dialogue on that this year. And of course any discussion of security and trust is not complete unless we keep the human rights aspects at the forefront of our minds. That our goal here is to create an open interoperable Internet where people can express themselves freely, and express themselves securely. So the human rights component of all of this is quite important, and we're building partnerships with the human rights community that do the human rights pieces very well, but are keenly interested in understanding the technology aspects for themselves, for their own personal security in their own countries, but also for the freedom of expression concerns that they're advocating in their countries.

So, there's a huge policy component that is emerging and has been emerging for some time related to creating a trusted Internet environment. and that's what we want to pursue very strongly this year in 2016 and be a leading voice on that. I think my job now is maybe to turn to Raul to Talk a little bit more about the regional dimensions of the trust agenda before we open it up for further questions. Raul? Thank you, Sally. Yes we have a lot to do from the Global Engagement perspective. The Global Engagement teams that includes all the regional teams and also the capacity building activities, and the relation with the chapters. One of the things that, one of the ways in which we will be collaborating to the, contributing to the security trust and security objectives in 2016, is through our activities supporting the work that is being done by the policy group, and the technology group. But also, building the discussion through our regional work to the technical community, througt the network operator groups and the regional debate, bringing, trying to feed the debate with our expertise and, again, trying to combine the work that is being down by Internet Society in terms of policy and technology, trying to feed to the regional debate.

And using our engagement tools, and networks in the regions to promote collaborative security. And also to use the collaborative security approach for specific discussions, and specific cases. Finally promoting the multistakeholder discussion at the regional and local level. Those are some of the things that we will do in 2016 for supporting the work that the organization is doing in collaborative security and trust agenda. Thanks, Raul. Olaf, do you have any other concluding remarks or questions you want to raise before I turn it over to the group? Well No.

But I saw a question in the chat room from Dr. Shahid Siddiqui about how you handle a situation when the government itself puts regulation on the name of the Internet security. So, if that happens, how does that fit in the collaborative security model? I think what is very important is that understanding what type of impact proposed regulation has on the values, that we want to preserve with the collaborative security model, is very important. In essence what we say is we want to preserve the values that the Internet, has made the Internet grow. Permissionless innovation, end-to-end connectivity, global reach, those type of things are captured in the Internet Invariants paper. But also values like the human rights. So taking that perspective back and specifically looking at Internet Invariants and your technical competence, and building your technical competence into that discussion, and assess whether the regulation will impact any of those values.

That, of course, is always sort of a local and a very targeted discussion that is relevant to your sphere. But taking that overall look, I believe that our collaborative security framework might help in taking that... in taking an approach there. I hope that sort of gives you a little bit of context on how I think of how it could be useful in that context. Thanks Olaf. I want to come back to a comment Richard Hill made earlier on necessary and proportionate, because that's a big deal in this discussion.

Richard, maybe for those who aren't as familiar with that phrase in the security and trust context, do you want to elaborate further on what you mean by that and why you think that's important? Sure. Thank you for that, Sally There was a fairly large coalition of civil society organizations that got together I think it must have been three years ago now. It was pretty much after the Snowden revelations. And the produced a set of principles, which in their view would be the correct balance between security, law enforcement, privacy, data retention, legal intercept, surveillance and so on. The website is necessaryandproportionate.org with no spaces. Just type that and you'll see it. ISOC was one of the early adherents to that as ISOC central and several ISOC chapters also. That idea has come up here and there. Some governments have, well, in fact actually I think it's fair to say all governments, have shown some reluctance in adopting those principles I think because they felt it would constrain their existing surveillance programs.

It's clear that most of these surveillance programs in place, not just the one from the U.S, which is well known, but all the other ones that we don't know about and which are even worse, would not be acceptable under the necessary and proportionate principles in one way or another. But nevertheless civil society has been pushing. As I mentioned, this principle is now coming up in, even in intergovernmental bodies. It was unanimously proposed by civil society in the WSIS review, but didn't end up in the WSIS outcome.

But that's ok, we can keep trying. And the basic idea behind it is just what it says: Surveillance, yes, but it has to be necessary for safety, security and so on, and it has to be proportionate, meaning basically not mass surveillance but targeted surveillance based on some evidence of threats or things like that and under judicial supervision. Thanks for that, Sally. Thanks Richard. It's becoming as you said a sort of core part of the international policy debate on these issues. Nick Ashton-Hart is in there, he had a comment in the queue about, let's not get dragged into this balance that we have to trade off certain things in order to get trust or privacy. Nick, do you want to expand on that point? Sure. If you'd like. Yes please. This is just, this is kind of a hobby horse of mine, because of course I sit in Geneva and listen to lots of discussions about the Internet, mostly not terribly well-informed on parts with many delegates, and even just the public narrative where, you know, law enforcement says well we have to have access to your communications when we need to in order to protect you, and uh, to me this is like saying we need a policeman to live with you, so, in case someone invades your home, we'll be there to help you.

No. You don't get to live in my house. You don't get to live in my head. This is one of the key challenges that we're going to face as a community... it is the law enforcement community has tended to be pretty insular, they hang out together, they work collaboratively together in the past. That worked. They needed some engagement by the justice ministries and lawyers, but they had to collaborate with each other, and I think we need, we need more engagement with especially younger, more technically savvy people from law enforcement, to get them to understand that a zero-sum game isn't the way to a more secure society. And that security issues are not owned by law enforcement, or by security services, or anybody. That human rights is a key component, and this really a holistic, we should want a holistic result.

And I have to say I compliment ISOC, because the messages from ISOC manage to be congruent, as I mentioned in there, confruent, moral, and fact-based, all at the same time, and that's a difficult combination on a technical subject. This community I think has a lot to add, if there's a way to connect more with law enforcement communities, outside of the limelight, not at the sort of level of public discourse where you see so much conflict, but maybe there are opportunities for ISOC at some meetings at EUROPOL or INTERPO, or to convene some sort of small group meetings with people there. Some of the more interested people from these communities could maybe ask questions in an off the record environment, and understand a bit better why the reaction is so negative to what they, what they propose at times. Thanks, Nick. Olaf, I don't know if you have follow up to that. The niche of law enforcement and encryption is a really difficult one. It's happening in many of our countries as we speak. And certainly something the technical community is paying a lot of attention to.

Olaf, do you want to speak a little bit more about that tussle as you see it? Yes, it's a tough topic. As you know there are also technical counter reactions to this. The IETF a couple of years have set in motion I would say almost a policy, butprobably the wrong word, ore encryption. Make sure that all the protocols that are developed in that community support encryption. And, in fact, I believe that we at the Internet Society, we at the Internet Society supported that statement. But we are also working on spreading the knowledge and the word on how to create those security, and implement those security mechanisms through our programs. Support of the DNSSEC, support of TLS in your protocols. Those things do not only protect you against pervasive monitoring, no, the primary goal of that is to protect you against criminals. To protect you against the guy that hacks your taxi account and steals all your money. And I think it is very important to take that positive look, in addition to the defensive posture, that there is a job to do in securing our immediate environment so to speak.

And there is a lot to do. If we only look at the Internet of Things, then we're shipping material and implementations that are not secure, and we Collectively have a responsibility there. So, making that part of the debate I think is very important, a positive and initiative-based stance, taking responsibility for your piece of the security agenda. I think that is important. >> Thanks, Olaf. I'm going to take one more question that I saw in the queue. There is a lot of stuff coming in here. Dr. Shahid asked a question about what he referred to as a double-edged campaign going on in India.

Dr. Shahid, are you able to speak, and do you want to describe that a little further. I actually heard about it on the radio a bit this morning so I think I know what you are referring to. But, could you tell us in person? Dr. Shahid Siddiqui Yes, Sally, I can just give you some example in India what's happening. It's like, you know one side that we call it a India campaign is going on. But, on the other side, if somebody speaks about the situation that is going on in the environment, either on social media, or in any format, so that person is being targeted indirectly or directly through the system, or something like that, they have to suffer.

In every campaign, in everywhere you might be hearing, on the, even actually the celebrities, are just afraid to speak about the things happening. So it's like, you know, one side you tell the is necessary should be connected all over. But what is the reality? The reality is that it's nothing on the remotest area. If you go and still see there are national fiber networks at level. But they are not active. They're not being used, they are not being utilized. But on the other side in the media campaign, you just see that its campaign going on all round going on all around. So I think that it's a very dangerous situation. That you know one side you speak in the favor. But in practical, it's not in the favor, It's like just countering what you want to say, that should be only be the digital, on the digital platform, and others are not getting this, therefore delivering their speeches, or delivering their expression.

So this is what I just want to, in this situation how one can advocate about the rights of Internet or accessibility, or that getting into the Ministry and thosw will all be disconnected. As you know that 60 percent of the Indian population is totally disconnected. More than that, they are even, they are just not having the accessibility, or even the electricity, most of the villages you go and see. In that situation how we can think about the Internet. So that is a question that we talk, we talk, just it goes to 50% or 15% percent of the population, those who have accessibility, those that have the readiness, that's all. So we have to think as you spoke about, Africa.

Africa is going through the same situation. There are all things, going, haywire, like it's not totally connected where we're targeting, we are not reaching to that point. So I am just bringing those into notice. But how we can just work practically and just get in to that, to solve those issues. Because if we start campaign, if I talk about individuality, I cannot do that freely. Because there are lots of things that are blocked. So just I wanted to just basically bring the situation to notice, I just need a solution. You people are expert here so you can just guide us about how to handle those situation? >> Dr. Shahid, I think you've raised a very good point and one that we hear in a lot of countries. And in fact what I have heard on the radio coming in this morning was this, was this tension that human rights organizations are starting to see in countries where, on the one hand, they want access, but they want that access to be controlled, they want it to be on their own government terms, and not necessarily on the terms of the user.

And that is something that we're starting to see, and we're documenting an uptick in this kind of approach around the world, and tt's something that we as a community need to be mindful of. At the Internet Society we believe in access, but we believe in access to a global, open, interoperable Internet where people can express themselves freely. We have to build on these trust components, we have to make it more secure, we have to protect people's privacy but that should not come at the expense of free expression. So I think you raise a really valid point, and one that we are all as a community are going to have to work through and struggle through for the coming years. It is one of the key tensions that we see. I want to turn now, as we did before, to our Advisory Councils to see if you have additional comments you want to make on the trust aspects of the agenda.

So to our, I'll switch it up this time, although we've already heard from Richard, so maybe Avri, with the Chapter Advisory Council, any comments that you have? Obviously you're very active in the human rights discussions around the world, anything you want to say on this piece of the agenda? Hi, Avri again. Probably not too much. I mean I'm really happy to see it taken up. I really do see that tussle as being something we have to engage in, and I'm really quite happy that ISOC is engaging in it, and it is definitely something that we can't let up on, as we see more and more of the problem areas, so, but that, you know, really all I need to add. I think it was well said. Thanks. Richard, anything else you want to add? I don't know if Richard's still with us.

Ok. If you want to jump in, just, oh, the answer's no. Thank you, Richard. Maybe turn over to the advisory, the organizational members, Christof, Cheryl, and Scott. Anything you want to add on this part of the discussion on trust and security? Hi. This is Scott. Obviously I'll jump in real quick and say that I think it's important for the organizational members to exercise their networks, to use that as a way to provide education and outreach to educate everybody about the importance of trust. It's important for people to understand what's available and how to use those tools. I'll leave it at that, and turn it over to Cheryl. Hi, this is Cheryl. I think it's great that you guys are focusing on this because it is a really important issue. It has many different dimensions to it. I think you said something important, Sally, you said Internet on user's terms. And, that's exactly right. As someone who wants to gain access and wants to be a bigger participant in The Internet community, how are you able to kind of navigate your way through on your own.

We do a lot of research just with respect to our own customers with respect to privacy and I can tell you, some of the things that I've learned is there are so many demographic, cultural nuances, to how people feel about many different things in terms of their interactions online. And I do think that there are different sort of dialogues and buckets with respect to when you're talking about crime investigation, or you're talking about broader types of data collection. A lot of the points that were raised by many who have participated in the conversation I think are spot on with respect to encryption. I think routeing security is another bucket of that. There is an overall safety bucket that pulls in items such as child online protection and things of that nature. I look forward to a really detailed dialogue on this. It needs to be ongoing for sure, and I'm glad that Internet Society is taking it up in the way that it is. Thank you. Finally, Christoph, anything you want to add? I think we all agree that encryption might be a key issue around encryption, arorund trust. But I beleive that we have to do much more work on that.

I think it's a very challenging issue as we have just said. There are many different interests involved. When we speak about governments, they of course, depending on who you speak to in government, have different opinions themselves. I just believe that we have to do much more work on that. Of course, not true that encryption will be the only way to provide privacy, and at the same time it's also true that encryption will prevent any security.

So the truth is here very much in the middle and we have to find out where it is. And I think again, I think Internet Society, with its expertise from the technology side, with the experetise from its chapters, should really try to build bridges here, and not you know, being afraid of having an opinion, but rather try to build the opinion of others as well. It's not going to black and white, it's going to be a solution which needs to balance a lot of fundamental rights and interests, and we have to be aware that we should be part of the debate, and not outside. So I think that would be just my point to add to that. >> If I may, Christof, I think you hit the nail on the head. It's something that we recognized when we made our statements.

And something that we've tried to bridge during the last year, specifically for instance by co-organizing a workshop to look at the technical implications of security, of encryption, for instance in mobile networks. There are many aspects to that and it's important to look at those. And, as a comment back to Cheryl, the various perspectives that people have, the local pockets of interpretation of values, of approaches with respect to the security and privacy, and the social components of that, I think that is a case for the subsidiarity nature of this discussion. The multistakeholder type of discussion that takes place. And I think that lessons learned could be transferred between the chapters. I saw Richard mentioning in the chat room that there is a, the Swiss chapter has organized has organized something around the encryption bills that are being introduced.

And I think that translating those examples, and perhaps informing other chapters, might be one of the things that we can do in this debate. So those were my sort of final observations from this debate. Thank you. >> Thank you, Olaf and thanks for summarizing. That's very helpful. I'm just going to put a plug in for one last project that we hope we can get the community engaged in. We've spoken a lot so far about what we need to do in 2016. We have a critical agenda ahead of us. But one of the roles of Internet Society is to be looking further out, and what does the future look like. So we are going to embark on a project this year to update, revise, reconsider the scenarios that are facing the Internet. What are the directions that the Internet could be going, and how do the decisions that we make, either in policy or industry, or as users, or as engineers, how do those decisions affect the ability of the Internet, ability of all of us to experience the Internet that we want to experience.

And we want this to really be a community brainstorming session so to speak. So, as we walk through the process of building these scenarios, we'll be coming out to many of you to get your sense of what are the challenges facing the Internet, what are the uncertainties, what are the things we don't know but we think are on the horizon, and then how do we translate those into recommendations for what we should all do as a community going forward.

This isn't going to happen over night, this is something that will unfold over the coming year, year and a half. But we really do want this to be a community engagement project. And so we hope that you're ready to jump in and put your creative hats on and think about the future, particularly from where you sit. When we've done this in the past we get different perspectives from different regions based on the challenges that they're experiencing. So that's a plug for looking ahead, looking into the future. And with that, I'm going to wrap up this discussion portion and turn it back to Kathy, to conclude.

Thank you Sally. So thank you all for participating in my morning, in your day, morning, afternoon, and night. It's very motivating to sit and listen to the views of our members around the world. And to keep, for us to keep in mind the meaning of this word "society." I have been always been quite enamored of our name, the Internet Society. And I, I think I have said this before, but this idea arose from Vint back when this whole thing started, about this society is going to emerge from this idea of the Internet, and it has.

It has. Someone said earlier, yeah yeah, but there's so many more people on the Internet than our membership and that is right, that was bound to happen. The issues around an open globally connected, secure, trusted Internet remain for us even more urgent, 25 years which will be our anniversary next year, into the birth of this idea, this Internet Society. And you heard a lot today a lot about what I beleive are the urgent things we need to do in the present time to meet the current challenges. I actually believe if we don't do this, and we Don't do this with some passion, and some direction, and some activism, that we could see a very different world, and a very different Internet, than the one that we believe in.

The core of our ability to do this is not the 90 people who are the staff of the Internet Society. The core of our ability to do this is our membership. So 80,000 members. Have we engaged them all? No. Do we need to? Yes. How do we do that? How do we think about our members, growing those mebers, and activating them to move forward with us, to ensure we have the Internet that we want in the future. There are a couple of ways I think that we're concentrating on and that we ask you to do. Part of this is local organization. It is locally organizing folks to talk about, to understand, to be aware of the issues that affect the Internet. One way to do that is on the Internet. And I just, the reason you are sitting here in little boxes in front of me, is because I'm a deep believer that we need to make eye to eye contact. We need to talk to each other in a way that we realize we're not just names on an email, or voices on a teleconference, but that we are real people, sitting in real places everywhere in the world, and we call ourselves a society.

Together this society can come together, in my view, to take on what are the issues of the Internet in the 21st century. We are trying to here, at the staff level, focus those efforts so that we can be more effective. We are aware there are very discrete issues, on the local and regional level, which we must depend upon our people in those regions to address. We want to give you the tools. We want to give you the policy papers. We're trying much harder to say to you here, here are the things you need, that you're telling us you need, to do the work of the Internet Society. This year you'll see from us an increased snd continuing focus on building the society.

On building our membership. On building the strength of our chapters. On making sure we can communicate with each other. And, by the way, it doesn't only have to be through us, although I think these community forums are fabulous, you can communicate with each other, within the chapters and regions, and communicate across the chapters, and I hope you would do that. There are so many lessons learned around the world. As I go around the world and listen to what people are doing to fight... It's forceful, it's impactful. If it's focused, it really, really gets things done. So, what are we going to do? Keep using the Internet to talk to each other, to organize. This particular application we're using here is a good one. Why? It's cloud based and thus the low bandwidth issues in some of the places in the world get dealt with. So you heard people from places around the world today, and you saw them, that you could not do just a little while ago. Because of the technological breakthroughs.

I don't necessarily want to be the cheerleader for one particular application, but what I'm seeing is an application that we're using that is working. And I'm suggesting to you to do it, to find it, to get online, looking at each other and talking to each other. We are going to again do InterCommunity. Last year, to be honest, we were just holding our breath to make sure the technology worked, that we could move ourselves around the world, from our board, to the 15 nodes that we had, to individuals, to incorporate individual folks who wanted to get on, and it worked. This year we need you to help us think about that community building, to make sure that our InterCommunity this year is really about the community, and that it's community centered.

So you're going to hear about that. This membership drive issue is totally on our minds. And any ideas that people have that are better than ours, or will actually grow on ours, or are local in nature, I would like to hear from you Ayesha Hassan is, she knows she's tasked with this. And it's not just about getting numbers. We don't want a number. We need engaged members. And to engage members, they have to get something from us. It's not just we get something from the members. What are we as a society offering to new people to come and join us? Yes, we are offering them a way forward. We're offering them the principles. What more can we offer them? I believe this lies in the chapters, because I think it's in the chapters where we have face to face ongoing human kind of association, and passion that is grown and then is activated, and actually gets results.

But we have to think about, what do we want to give these new members that we want so much. Finally, I just want to say something about the fellows and the ambassadors in the NextGen part of our absolutely essential work to bring more people in. We must... the Internet is about the future. And we must, must, must have the future which is the present, it's our young people. It is our Internet natives. The folks who have grown up with, and about, and around this technology who will better help us reach other people, and will better help us as a society to articulate why this Internet needs to remain open and global. Why free expression is so important. Why governments need to understand and appreciate that this technology, this network of networks, is not something they ought to be afraid of, but something they need to embrace. Because it is the way that we are going to express ourselves as communities, grow economies, become stronger in both our regional, and our global citizenship. And we need voices in order to do that. In Brazil I add my voice to all of those that , it was fabulous.

And to have that energy, to infuse that energy into the Internet Society, the energy that comes with youth, and with I can do anything, and with fearlessness, is what we need now. And it must be a part of what we want to do this year. So we're going to concentrate on things we need to do in the present, we have our eye on the future. The scenario planning we're going to do is enormously important.

And we are going to speak. We're going to have our voices heard. I think you are experiencing, more and more, that the staff of the Internet Society is out in the world, trying to make a point, trying to have impact. I myself will concentrate on two big things this year. One, getting to new audiences, so that new audiences understand who we are, why it's important that they listen, and that will be part of the dialogue. I go off to Barcelona in two weeks, because indeed the Internet will be on a mobile platform.

We need people to understand that, and see and understand how it is we go forward. I will be at the G7, because it's at the G7 that governments will again come together and decide how they're going to govern the Internet. Well really? We don't need them to govern the Internet, we need them to join with us to govern ourselves on the Internet, and we have to come to some kind of Understanding sound the needs of security and freedom, and the fact they must go together, human rights and security are not one balanced against the other, they must exist at the same time. So we must be in these forums. We'll be at the OECD, we'll be at the African Internet conference. I'm going to Mexico next week. You will see us out there speaking, and I'm suggesting to you, you should do the same. Go to where you will have people that listen to you, and go to where they don't even know who you are, and start to talk about the issues that are of utmost importance.

So again I wanted to thank all of you, and Sally, and Raul, and Olaf, and James, and all of the staff, Gregg and the tech people who put this thing together so we can talk to each other, and ask you to please stay very close to us, let's stay in touch. Don't hesitate to drop me a line. I know we're trying to work out this stuff on Connect. But, by the way I read everything. So I know what is happening. And I know we have work to do. And I know that we have new kinds of things we have to institute and we're getting there. So thank you very much for being here..

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